Upheaval, Peace and Intifada

TIMELINE 14A

Upheaval, Peace and Intifada

1977 to 1992

Begin’s victory ends Labor rule and leads to peace with Egypt. The Lebanon War, the First Intifada and the great Soviet aliyah follow.

TURNING POINTS

1977 May 17 The upheaval. Likud wins the May 17 election and Menachem Begin becomes prime minister, ending three decades of Labor rule.

1977 Nov 19 to 21 Sadat comes to Jerusalem. The Egyptian president addresses the Knesset and opens the way to peace.

1979 Mar 26 Peace with Egypt. The Camp David summit of September 1978 leads to the first peace treaty with an Arab state. Israel completes its return of Sinai on April 25, 1982.

1981 Jun 7 Israel destroys the Osirak reactor. Jets strike Iraq’s nuclear reactor near Baghdad before it can go into operation.

1982 Jun 6 The Lebanon War. Israel invades to drive out the PLO, which leaves Beirut in August. Israel stays in southern Lebanon until 2000.

1984 to 1985 Operation Moses. Thousands of Ethiopian Jews are brought to Israel by way of Sudan.

1987 Dec 8 The First Intifada. A Palestinian uprising begins in Gaza and spreads to Judea and Samaria. It lasts until 1993.

1989 The Soviet Union opens its gates. A mass aliyah begins that brings about a million Jews to Israel within a decade.

1991 Jan 18 to Feb 25 Scud missiles in the Gulf War. Iraq fires about 40 missiles at Israeli cities. Israel does not respond.

ALSO IN THIS PERIOD

1977 Zubin Mehta becomes music director of the Israel Philharmonic.

1978 Mar 11 The Coastal Road massacre. Gunmen land from the sea, hijack a bus and kill 38 civilians, 13 of them children.

1978 Mar 14 Operation Litani in southern Lebanon.

1978 Israel wins the Eurovision Song Contest.

1978 Sep 5 to 17 Summit: Begin and Sadat meet with President Carter at Camp David.

1978 Dec Menachem Begin shares the Nobel Peace Prize with Anwar Sadat.

1979 Apr 22 Terrorists land by sea and attack Nahariya.

1980 Apr 7 Terrorists seize the nursery at Kibbutz Misgav Am.

1980 May 2 Gunmen kill six yeshiva students in Hebron.

1980 Jul 30 Territory: The Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law, which declares the united city the capital of Israel.

1981 Jun 30 Election: Likud wins 48 seats.

1981 Oct 6 Anwar Sadat is assassinated in Cairo.

1981 Dec 14 Territory: the Knesset applies Israeli law to the Golan Heights.

1982 Apr 25 Israel leaves Sinai. The last of the peninsula returns to Egypt under the peace treaty, and the town of Yamit is evacuated.

1982 Jun 3 An attack on the Israeli ambassador in London sparks the Lebanon War.

1982 Sep 16 to 18 Lebanese militias massacre Palestinians at Sabra and Shatila.

1982 Nov 11 A car bomb destroys the Israeli headquarters in Tyre.

1983 Feb 8 The Kahan Commission. It finds Ariel Sharon indirectly responsible for Sabra and Shatila, and he leaves the Defense Ministry.

1983 May Ofra Haza places second at the Eurovision Song Contest.

1983 May 17 Israel and Lebanon sign an agreement that is canceled in 1984.

1983 Oct 10 Yitzhak Shamir becomes prime minister.

1984 Apr 12 In the Bus 300 affair, two hijackers die in custody.

1984 Apr Security forces arrest the Jewish Underground.

1984 Jul 23 Election: Alignment 44 seats, Likud 41.

1984 Sep 13 Shimon Peres becomes prime minister in a rotation with Shamir.

1985 May 20 Israel frees 1,150 prisoners for three captured soldiers.

1985 Jun 10 Territory: Israel pulls back to a security zone in southern Lebanon.

1985 Jul 1 The economic stabilization plan. The unity government brings inflation of over 400 percent down within a year.

1985 Oct 1 Israeli jets bomb PLO headquarters in Tunis.

1985 Oct 5 An Egyptian policeman kills seven Israeli tourists at Ras Burqa.

1985 Oct 7 Hijackers seize the cruise ship Achille Lauro.

1985 Dec 27 Gunmen attack El Al counters at Rome and Vienna airports.

1986 Yaacov Agam’s Fire and Water Fountain is installed in Dizengoff Square.

1986 Sep 6 Gunmen kill 22 worshippers at the Neve Shalom synagogue in Istanbul.

1986 Oct 16 Navigator Ron Arad is captured in Lebanon.

1986 Oct 20 Shamir returns as prime minister in the rotation.

1987 Apr 11 Summit: Peres and King Hussein agree to the London Agreement.

1987 Nov 25 A hang glider attack from Lebanon kills six soldiers.

1988 Mar 7 Terrorists hijack a bus near Dimona and three civilians die.

1988 Apr 16 Abu Jihad is killed in Tunis.

1988 Jul 31 Territory: Jordan renounces its claim to Judea and Samaria.

1988 Nov 1 Election: Likud wins 40 seats.

1988 Nov 15 The PLO declares a state at its Algiers meeting.

1988 Dec 14 The United States opens a dialogue with the PLO.

1989 Mar 15 Territory: Israel returns Taba to Egypt after international arbitration.

1989 May 14 Shamir proposes elections in Judea and Samaria and Gaza.

1989 Jul 6 A terrorist drives Bus 405 into a ravine and 16 die.

1990 Feb 4 Gunmen kill nine Israeli tourists on a bus in Egypt.

1990 A. B. Yehoshua publishes Mr. Mani.

1990 Oct 8 Police kill 17 Palestinians in riots on the Temple Mount.

1991 May 24 to 25 Operation Solomon. About 14,000 Ethiopian Jews are flown to Israel in 36 hours.

1991 Oct 30 Summit: the Madrid Peace Conference opens the first direct talks.

1991 Dec 16 The UN repeals its Zionism is racism resolution.

1992 Jan 24 Israel and China establish diplomatic relations.

1992 Jan 29 Israel and India establish full diplomatic relations.

1992 Mar 17 A bomb destroys the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires and 29 die.

1992 Jun 23 Election: Labor wins 44 seats.

1992 Etgar Keret publishes his first stories, Pipelines.

1992 Jul 13 Yitzhak Rabin becomes prime minister for the second time.

1992 Dec 17 Israel deports 415 Hamas activists to Lebanon.